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John L. Sullivan, (circa 1860 - April 1932), was a tuskless male Asian elephant that performed in the Adam Forepaugh circus and, later, in the Ringling Brothers Barnum and Bailey Circus. ==Biography== In the early days of its career, John L. (who was named after the boxer John L. Sullivan) performed a boxing act with his trainer, Eph Thompson.〔〔 John would have a boxing glove placed at the end of his trunk to spar with Thompson. John stayed with the circus as the Forepaugh show joined with the Sells Brothers Circus, which then joined with the Ringling Brothers Circus. Old John, as he came to be known, stayed on with the circus after he retired from performing. He babysat for the performers' children, did heavy lifting, and led the elephant herd to and from the show grounds and train.〔"'Old John' Nears end of Rainbow" Hartford Courant, 30 June 1929〕 On 9 April 1922, John, with Dexter Fellows, began a 53 mile pilgrimage from Madison Square Garden to the Elephant Hotel in Somers, New York, to pay tribute to Old Bet, the first elephant in America. John arrived on 13 April 1922. He laid a wreath on the monument to Old Bet. He died of old age or of heart failure in Sarasota, Florida in 1932.〔Bosworth, William George. ''Wagon Wheels''. London: Heath, Cranton, Ltd., 1935. p. 193. Quoted in Yoram S. Carmeli, ("Text, Traces, and the Reification of Totality: The Case of Popular Circus Literature," ) ''New Literary History'', Vol. 25, No. 1, Literary History and Other Histories. (Winter, 1994), pp. 182-183.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John L. Sullivan (elephant)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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